Profile of Serial Killer William Bonin, The Freeway Killer

William Bonin was a serial killer suspected of sexually assaulting, torturing and killing at least 21 boys and young men in Los Angeles and Orange County, California. The press nicknamed him the  The Freeway Killer, because he would pick up young boys who were hitchhiking, sexually assault and murder them, then dispose of their bodies along the freeways. Unlike many serial killers, Bonin had multiple accomplices during his murder spree. Known accomplices included  Vernon Robert Butts, Gregory Matthew Miley, William Ray Pugh, and James Michael Munro. In May 1980,  Pugh was arrested for stealing cars and while in prison provided detectives details connecting the freeway murders to William Bonin in exchange for a lighter sentence. Pugh told detectives that he accepted a ride from Bonin who bragged that he was the Freeway Killer. Later evidence proved that Pugh and Bonins relationship went beyond a one-time ride and that Pugh participated in at least two of the murders. After being placed under police surveillance for nine days,  Bonin was arrested while in the process of sexually assaulting a 15-year-old boy in the back of his van. Unfortunately, even while under surveillance, Bonin was able to commit one more murder before his arrest. Childhood - Teen Years Born in Connecticut on January 8, 1947, Bonin was the middle child of three brothers. He  grew up in a dysfunctional family with an alcoholic father and a grandfather who was a convicted child molester. Early on he was a troubled kid and ran away from home when he was eight years old. He was later sent to a juvenile detention center for various small crimes, where he allegedly was sexually molested by older teens. After leaving the center he began molesting children. After high school, Bonin joined the U.S. Air Force and served in the Vietnam War as a gunner. When he returned home, he married, divorced and moved to California. A Vow to Never Get Caught Again He was first arrested at age 22 for sexually assaulting young boys and spent five years in jail. After his release, he molested a 14-year-old boy and was returned to prison for an additional four years. Vowing never to get caught again, he began killing his young victims. From 1979 until his arrest in June 1980, Bonin, along with his accomplices, went on a raping, torturing  and killing spree, often cruising California highways and streets for young male hitchhikers and school children. After his arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in 15 additional murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. Freeway Killer Victims Thomas Lundgren, age 14, murdered on May 28, 1979. Accomplices Vernon Butts and William PughMark Shelton, age 17, murdered on August 4, 1979Marcus Grabs, age 17, murdered on August 5, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDonald Hayden, age 15, murdered on August 27, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDavid Murillo, age 17, murdered on September 9, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsRobert Wirostek, age 16, murdered on September 27, 1979John Doe, age 14-20, murdered on November 30, 1979Dennis Frank Fox, age 17, murdered on December 2, 1979. Accomplice James MunroJohn Doe, age 15-20, murdered on December 13, 1979Michael McDonald, age 16, murdered on January 1, 1980Charles Miranda, age 14, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyJames McCabe, age 12, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyRonald Gaitlin, age 18, murdered on March 14, 1980Harry Todd Turner, age 15, murdered on March 20, 1980. Accomplice William PughGlen Barker, age 14, murdered on March 21, 1980Russell Rugh, age 15, murdered on March 22, 1980Steven Wood, age 16, murdered on April 10, 1980Lawrence Sharp, age 18, murdered on April 10, 1980Darin Lee Kendrick, age 19, murdered on April 29, 1980. Accomplice Vernon ButtsSean King, age 14, murdered on May 19, 1980. Confessed accomplice William PughSteven Wells, age 18, murdered on June 2, 1980. Accomplices Vernon Butts and James Munro Co-Defendants: Vernon Butts: Butts was 22 years old and a factory worker and part-time magician when he met Bonin and began participating in raping and murdering at least six boys. He hung himself while awaiting trial.Gregory Miley: Miley was 19 years old when he got involved with Bonin. He pled guilty to participating in one murder for which he received a sentence of 25 years to life. He is currently in prison.James Munro: Bonin was Munros boss and landlord when Munro participated in the murders of two boys. In a plea bargain, he pled guilty to one murder and received a sentence of 15 years to life. He is still in prison but trying to appeal claiming he was tricked into a plea bargain.William (Billy) Pugh: was the most active accomplice who was charged with one murder, although he confessed to killing two victims. He received  six years for voluntary manslaughter in a plea bargain. Arrest, Conviction, Execution After William Bonins arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in  an additional 15 other murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was  executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. During Bonins murder spree, there was another active serial killer by the name of Patrick Kearney,  using the California freeways as his hunting ground.

Latin America Revolutions Essay - 775 Words

In the years following the Congress of Vienna, revolts plagued many European countries as well as several areas in Latin America. France was driven from Haiti, Portugal lost control of Brazil, and Spain was forced to withdraw from all its American empire except for Cuba and Puerto Rico. Colonial government in South America came to an end. Three countries where revolts were successfully established were Haiti, Venezuela, and Brazil. The countries in Latin America benefited from the revolts because they became free from colonial rule, but, except for Brazil, they were left with many consequences. One of the first countries to achieve independence in Latin America was Haiti. Haiti gained its independence from France in 1804. Haitis†¦show more content†¦Bolivar was exiled in Columbia and Jamaica. In 1816 he launched an invasion against Venezuela with help from Haiti. He captured Boyota, the capital of New Granada, to secure a base for attack on Venezuela. This tactic worked, as Bolivar and San Martin captured Carcas and he was named president by the summer of 1821. In July of 1822, armies of Bolivar and San Martin moved to liberate Quito. They disagreed about the political structure of Latin America. San Martin wanted monarchies, but Bolivar advocated republicanism. San Martin went into exile in Europe and retired from the public life. Bolivar allowed the political situation in Peru to be confused, and he sent troops to establish his control. In December of 1824, the Spanish royalist forces suffered a defeat at the Battle of Ayacoucho at the hands of liberating army. This battle marked the conclusion of the Spanish effort to retain the American Empire. In contrast to the independence movements of Spanish Latin America, Brazilian independence came simply and peacefully. The Portuguese royal family took refuge in Brazil in 1807. This transformed Rio de Janiero into a court city. The prince regent Joao addressed complaints of the locals that were similar to t hose of the Spanish Creoles. He made Brazil a kingdom in 1815. Soon, Brazil was more prosperous than Portugal. In 1820, a revolution occurred in Portugal and its leaders demanded that Joaos return to Portugal and Brazils return to colonial status. Joao, who becameShow MoreRelatedComparison of Two Personal Narratives1264 Words   |  6 Pagessystems is often written on. For this assignment I have chosen to compare two personal narratives; The Myth of the Latin Women by Judith Cofer and Outcasts in Salt Lake City by James Weldon Johnson. Both essays cover the struggle of ethnic minorities and individuals who are at the lower end of the social spectrum, as they struggle to integrate themselves into the mainstream. Though both essays have a common theme the struggle that is encountered by Johnson is a lot more trying as he lived in an era whereRead MoreNeo-Colonialism In Latin America Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowth of Latin America. Latin American elites managed to open free-t rade among other countries such as the United States and Great Britain. This influx of trade expedited the Industrial Revolution allowing South America to trade with other countries more efficiently, thus, marking the start of Neo-Colonialism. Neo-Colonialism is defined as â€Å"the economic and political policies by which a great power indirectly maintains its influence over other areas or people† (Merriam-Webster). In the essay â€Å"Born inRead MoreThe Major Economic Problems That Have Plagued Latin America1497 Words   |  6 Pages1. What are the major economic problems that have plagued Latin America in the 20th century? 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Many people would say this is where inequality in Latin America began, with colonization. However, colonization is just a small piece of the roots of inequality of the region, which actually started with the natives of the lands such as the Incas, Aztecs and Mayans. These three empires ruled most of the Latin American region and did so by conquering other native groups or tribes. The Empires had a ruling class or king that wasRead More The Boom in Latin American Literature Essay examples987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boom in Latin American Literature Simply defined, the Boom refers to the period in Latin American literature in which a number of writers achieved international acclaim for their work. It is primarily associated with the novel, although a few of the Boom writers were recognized for work in other forms as well. The Boom was in full swing throughout the 1960s and the early seventies, though precursors to the Boom, most notably Jorge Luis Borges, were internationally known as early as theRead MoreSocial Consequences During The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pages The Industrial Revolution was the transmission process of manufacturing, this took place in the 1700s and the 1800s. Before this time, manufacturing was done in a small level, usually done in people’s homes, using the truest and basic forms of machinery. But in the Industrialization age, there was a shift to powerful, multi-purpose machines, and big factories. This Industrial age brought forward thousands of jobs for the men, women, and children. The Industrial Revolution did bring a surplus and

Assignment on Brand Building Nike Marketing free essay sample

Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Skateboarding and subsidiaries including Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995 and 2008. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just do it and the Swoosh logo. By 1980, Nike had reached a 50% market share in the United States athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year. Its growth was due largely to word-of-foot advertising (to quote a Nike print ad from the late 1970s), rather than television ads. Nikes first national television commercials ran in October 1982 during the broadcast of the New York Marathon. The ads were created by Portland-based advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy, which had formed several months earlier in April 1982. Together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television ads and the agency continues to be Nikes primary today. It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now-famous slogan Just Do It for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century, and the campaign has been enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution. San Franciscan Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement that debuted on July 1, 1988. Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Let’s do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to include many other sports and regions throughout the world. What does the brand stand for? Nike stands for VICTORY. In Greek mythology, Nike was a goddess who embodied triumph. She assumed the role of the divine charioteer when Zeus was assembling allies for the Titan War; she flew around battlefields rewarding the victors with glory and fame. And the whole brand has been build around it, to convey one and only message, the one of the Victory, with a big V. While Nike started up its business selling sneakers, it reasonably hit the tipping point when the strong and sticky message which has directs impact on humans subconscious worn by top athletes and runners. The Nike logo  «Ã‚  swoosh  Ã‚ » was not only developed from the wing of the Greek Goddess Nike, it was also developed to impact again the subconscious of the consumer as well. How? Nike logo has the shape of a tick, and through life and education we get some automatism with tick which means right and the cross which means wrong. Nike,  «Ã‚  Just Do It  Ã‚ » happens to be the stickiest tagline ever. It wins over the hearts of hundred of millions of Nike fans, psychologically, subconsciously, imperceptibly, deadly. So the Nike brand stands for victory, and more precisely: Competency: as we used to quote the Nike co-founder Bill Bower mane who made this observation  «Ã‚  If you have a body, you are an athlete. High performance : Nike promotes its products by sponsorship agreements with celebrity athlete, professional and athletic teams, they sponsor Cricket in India an Football in France for example, the most popular sports they focus only on winners Achievement : the message is pretty clear when you see champion in Olympics wearing Nike its just like the Nike sneakers brought him or her to achievement thanks to the spirit of the Victory Godess of Greek Ne ver say Die attitude : the mission statement of Nike that the 30 000 employees across 6 continents make their own contribution to fulfill is to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world Nike’s changing Logo The Nike Swoosh embodies the spirit of the winged goddess, which the legend says inspired the most courageous and chivalrous warriors at the dawn of civilization. The first shoe to wear the swoosh logo was launched in 1972. In 2006, Nike has also experimented in its advertisements by removing the woosh altogether amp; Nike written in a new font, and this the old swoosh was toned down a bit. Nike Logo history Products by Nike Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Their first products were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys, shorts, baselayers etc. for a wide range of sports including track amp; field, baseball, ice hockey, tennis, Association football, lacrosse, basketball and cricket. Nike Air Max is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6. 0, Nike NYX, and Nike SB shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes, called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors. In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind. Nike sells an assortment of products, including shoes and apparel for sports activities for men, women, and children. Nike is well known and popular in youth culture, chav culture and hip hop culture as they supply urban fashion clothing. Nike recently teamed up with Apple Inc. to produce the Nike+ product which monitors a runners performance via a radio device in the shoe which links to the iPod nano. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users RFID devices from 18 m away using small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network. Brand personality Nike has staked out a stylish, high-performance, innovative position in contrast to its competitors. It conveys the ideas of victory, puissance, sport attitude and masculinity. All these elements are emphasised by famous and successful sportive endorsement. With Just do it Nike has promised its audience that the company is committed to the competitive spirit. Nike proposes that it will help people feel empowered, successful and best equipped to tackle the challenges of athletics. The company uses shades of gray and blue, which gives the brand a casual, unpretentious feeling. Nike’s famous swoosh creates feelings of movement and speed. Nike, the brand name itself, was once better known in Greek mythology as the goddess of victory. All these things and more give Nike its brand personality. How Does Nike maintain/communicate it’s intended brand image We shall concentrate on the marketing strategy of Nike by studying it’s 7 P model. Also, in the model itself we shall consider the integrated marketing communication adopted by Nike to enhance brand equity. Product Nike mainly concentrates on sportswear. The main product categories sold under Nike brand name include:http://gallery. clickthecity. com/albums/userpics/10006/pic56012. jpg Sports Footwear http://norcalsaversnest. com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cole-haan-coupons-discounts. jpg Apparels Bags (Handbags and bagpacks) Sports accessories Sports equipment In other words, all product categories sold under the Nike brand name are directly or indirectly related to sports and athleticism which in turn is the core brand image/ identity of Nike. Other Nike Brands include Cole Haan which is into casual footwear amp; dresses, Nike Team Sports which sells headgear amp;Bauer Nike Hockey Inc. which specializes in hockey and skating equipment. Hence, Nike sells unrelated categories under other brand names thus preventing confusion in the minds of the consumer Tune Your Run: The recent venture between Apple and Nike integrates your iPod and running shoes. The main innovation is that your speed amp; distance data can be recorded in your iPod and then synchronized with your PC to keep a tab on your progress Nike has always strived for innovation which inturn shows in their product research and development. Strategic partnerships and alliances with the most innovative partners ensure Nike is the global leader when it comes to sportswear innovations. Some of the famous innovations include: 2. House of Hoops : Partnership with Footlocker to promote the basketball line of Nike productshttp://blog. luon. com/public/Nike. JPG 3. Mass customization: Use of flexible computer-aided manufacturing systems to produce custom output. Those systems combine the low unit costs of  mass production  processes with the flexibility of individual  customization. Price Nike’s pricing is designed to be competitive to the other fashion shoe retailers. The pricing is based on the basis of premium segment as target customers. Nike as a brand commands high premiums. Nike’s pricing strategy makes use of vertical integration in pricing wherein they own participants at differing channel levels or take part in more than one channel level operations. This can control costs and influence product pricing. Promotion Promotion is largely dependent on finding accessible store locations. It also avails of targeted advertising in the newspaper and creating strategic alliances. Nike has a number of famous athletes that serve as brand ambassadors such as the Brazilian Soccer Team (especially Ronaldino, Renaldo, and Roberto Carlos), Lebron James and Jermane O’Neal for basketball, Lance Armstrong for cycling, and Tiger Woods for Golf. Nike also sponsors events such as Hoop It Up and The Golden West Invitational. Nike’s brand images, the Nike name and the trademark swoosh, make it one of the most recognizable brands in the world. Nike’s brand power is one reason for its high revenues. Nike’s quality products, loyal customer base and its great marketing techniques all contribute to make the shoe empire a huge success. Place Nike shoes are carried by multi-brand stores and the exclusive Nike stores across the globe. Nike sells its product to about 20,000 retail accounts in the U. S. and in almost 200 countries around the world. In the international markets, Nike sells its products through independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries. Independent distributors need not adapt to local pressures because the 4Ps of marketing are managed by distributors. In terms of product differentiation, NIKE is also leading the market. The only competitor nearly has an identical business is Adidas-Solomon. Product differentiation is healthy in the footwear industry and allows the company to increase its profits through the sale of different products. Another advantage of manufacturing a number of product lines is the reduction of risk in that if one product fails there are numerous other products to compensate for this loss. Companies in the apparel and footwear industry that concentrate on manufacturing a single product are at a great disadvantage since their revenues depend exclusively on the sales of only one type of product, therefore, increasing the potential default risk. NIKE designs most of its footwear for athletic use; however, in order to diversify its products, a large percentage of their products come from sales of footwear, apparel, and accessories for casual and leisure purposes. The company segments its products in variety of ways. First of all, it manufactures sports goods and accessories for three different groups of people: men, women and children. Each segment is carefully examined in terms of physical capabilities, sociological needs, and design preference. Another type of segmentation used by NIKE that helps to increase product diversification is achieved by offering footwear, apparel, accessories, such as NIKE watches or gym bags, as well as performance equipment, including sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, gloves, and others in virtually every type of sport: running, basketball, tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking, fencing, and others. Besides the two segmentations described above, NIKE also has agreements for licensees to produce and sell NIKE brand items aside from athletic footwear and apparel. In part, this product differentiation is accomplished through strategic management planning by having the company sell NIKE brand timepieces, children’s clothing, school supplies, electronic media devices, and other items. NIKE subsidiaries, such as Bauer NIKE Hockey Inc. , are yet another way the company segments its product lines. Specifically, the Bauer NIKE Hockey Inc. subsidiary manufactures and distributes ice skates, skate blades, in-line roller skates, protective gear, hockey sticks and many other licensed apparel and accessories that make NIKE stand out in its industry. Communication Gaps in Branding of Nike Nike brand stands for: Competency Achievement High performance Never say Die attitude Nike was present in India since 1996 but didn’t rezlied the Indian potential till 2005. In Dec 2005, Nike was tied up with BCCI amp; then later went on to become the official kit sponsor of Indian Cricket Team. In 2007, Nike released its first Cricket related advertisement in India(1). Globally Nike is a sports brand targeted to youth (mainly 15-35 yrs of age), but in India the brand is not restricted to youth or sports enthusiasts only. The brand is seen as a daily wear brand amp; the customers ranging from youth who like to wear it to college to the old people who may just wear it when they are going out of their homes. The future roadmap for Nike – To Increase their Brand Equity Nike has faced a lot of international criticism due to its Sweatshops in 3rd world countries like Pakistan, Vietnam, Bangladesh etc. So, to convert this into an opportunity Nike should act as a socially responsible company amp; devise certain rules amp; regulations about the working conditions of their subcontractors. And if possible then Nike can also go for backward integration, and buy some of these subcontractors to increase their ownership amp; reduce their costs. The competition in the market in terms of Athletic goods is very high with major players like Adidas, Reebok, Puma, Fila etc. all growing their importance. To hedge its risk, Nike can also expand on its clothing line like currently in India Nike cotton T-shirts are available but they are available in very limited designs. So, Nike can grow a sports apparel maker to a fashion brand. The apparels division is the cash cow (according to BCG matrix) for Nike and thus, diversifying in this area will help Nike increase its bottomline. Thus, Nike can expand their business by expanding amp; adding a Daily wear clothes line to their portfolio. Nike can also sell the sports related product items which also have attributes like style amp; cool, something like Nike sunglasses, which are available in some countries but not in India. Nike is also under a lot of fad because of the plastics amp; other materials used in their shoes. So, rather than spending huge chunks on the celebrities, they can divert a small part of this advertising fund into Ramp;D to produce green shoes i. e. environment friendly shoes. This would given them a heads up in the market in terms of innovation, would also give them a unique position in the minds of the responsible consumer, and of course an opportunity for free PR. Indian market being the world’s second largest (2) footwear manufacturer of the world has a huge opportunity of footwear sales. Thus, Nike can attack the middle amp; the lower end market by buying a current brand like Columbus or Welcome shoes and then manufacturing amp; marketing them in India. They can also, launch a complete new brand for the country amp; thus cater to the middle amp; lower segment. This way they can also cater to the vastly growing rural market of India. They have used the similar strategy by entering Walmart by buying the Starter brand, which is an apt brand for the value end of retail business. Read more:  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/assignment-on-brand-building-nike-marketing-essay. php#ixzz2O0SDwz7o

Using Skype in the Work Place

Introduction With advancement in technology, contemporary communication has gained a new dimension. One of the ways in which this communication has been influenced is through the introduction of Skype, which is commonly used in businesses, workplaces and even in learning institutions (Rosen 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Using Skype in the Work Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report discusses the use of Skype and its impact at workplace, when used by either the management, employees or everybody in business to connect with the outside world. Among other things, the report gives definition of Skype and how it is used in business as a telecommunication tool. Moreover, it covers the disadvantages and disadvantages of Skype at workplace together with its future in the business world. Skype technology Skype is a type of telecommunication technology that allows voice and video communication in the world with an estimate of over three million registered users today. Video calling is a way of communication that allows people to talk to each other while viewing live video of both parties (Woodall 2011). Unlike traditional communication, which heavily relied on a system of transmission cables, Skype uses the internet to connect people around the world as long as they have access to the internet. Its VoIP software makes it unique and outstanding among all voice communication services offered by different service providers around the world. It has in-built application software though most people believe that it is in the category of common software, thus missing its important functions (Vaughan-Nichols 2011). With its adoption in businesses and different workplaces, it is doubtless that a host of communication barriers have been eliminated. In traditional communication, people were more cautious about time spent on call. This has changed with most Skype users spending a lot of time on calls than before (Gurlà © 2011). Skype calls made between PC connections attract no charge apart from the normal monthly internet bill. This has been the main â€Å"pull† factor as registered users are able to significantly reduce their monthly communications cost (Abdulezer, Abdulezer Dammond 2007, p. 234).Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Notably, this communication is not limited to any part of the world as long as those who intent to communicate have a personal computer that has internet connection. Based on the availability of webcams, Skype also allows video calls, which gives it a â€Å"reality-touch† since users are able see each other regardless of the distance between them (Kreibich Jahnke 2010, p. 97). Discussion Voice communication using Skype is no longer a new idea at workplace. Several company managers use this technology to pass messa ges to colleagues, employees or even customers (‘Conferencing Device Brings Skype to Living Rooms’ 2012). In the same manner, they receive voice calls on their personal computers from different people as long as they are related as friends through Skype. Even as the world continues to enjoy voice communication through the internet, many people including business managers and employees are concerned with challenges that are associated with this technology (Johnson 2006). Challenges of Skype Like other communication methods and technologies, Skype presents an array of challenges to users especially at workplace. What are some of these challenges? As mentioned above, voice and video communication through Skype requires having the right equipment and internet connection (Saporito 2011). Additionally, Skype communication may expose a company to some online security threats by bypassing corporate firewalls (Jahankhani, Watson Me 2010, p. 113). Other challenges include but no t limited to poor voice quality, charges on some communication services, slowing of computers when the program is running and inability to access customer care services promptly (Poupard 2009). Communication equipment Unlike emailing or landline calls, voice and video communication using Skype requires one to have a computer with average specifications for the program to run with minimum interruptions (Schieltz 2011). Besides this, Skype users need webcams and microphones especially when using desktops, which do not have inbuilt features. Additionally, a stable internet connection is very important since the entire communication depends on online connectivity. All these requirements are not free; they are costly. Companies and organizations, which adopt this mode of communication, incur expenses that can be avoided if other means of communication are given preference (Glauser 2011). In the same line of thought, computers highly depend on power supply.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Using Skype in the Work Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a major challenge especially when communication is needed in the absence of power or when the PC is off. Aside from these equipment, Skype-enabled phones are costly since most manufactured phones do not support this services. It would therefore be expensive for companies to acquire such sophisticated phones (Vaughan-Nichols 2011). To address this, Skype should consider adopting more affordable and effective equipment to attract more people. Another challenge of using this mode of communication is the risk involved. By the fact that Skype allows users to develop their profiles, including names, emails and phone numbers, it poses a serious security threat (Winzenburg 2012). The risk of internet hackers and bullies cannot be ignored in the context of online communication. Coupled with videos and images of the user, it is possible to track a pe rson either physically or electronically with malicious intentions (Stadler 2009, p. 44). This is also possible because Skype bypasses some internet protocols while in use, exposing its customers to cyber threats. With regard to video calling, it is possible to expose excess information than expected (Fitchard Reedy 2010). In other words, this kind of calling may expose the organization of the workplace, which may include surrounding people, gadgets and available writings. As a result, a client or customer may have a negative feeling about the company or organization based on the background video of the call (Harwood, Goncalves Pemble 2010, p. 320). In cases where the surrounding has other people such as arguing employees, it would be possible for the person on the other end to capture the events at a given workplace without the conscience of the other person. It therefore suffices to mention that video calling has an array of challenges (Evers 2007). Benefits of Skype The most at tractive aspect of Skype is its low cost on services. For instance all its voice and video calls are free of charge as long as the call is from PC to PC (Skype 2012). Additionally, calling landlines and mobile phone numbers is quite affordable. This implies that a company can significantly cut down the cost of paying monthly telephone bills if this technology is adopted effectively (Sheppard 2006, p. 33).Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another advantage of using Skype at workplace is that it allows access and use of audio and video aspects of communication. In other words, a manager can call a departmental head to have an idea of how the business is running at any given moment. Similarly, employees can call each other and experience different working environments through video calls (McIlwain 2011). With the coming of this technology, it is possible to link different people at the same time and discuss an issue that would have required a notice for physical meeting (Advantages of Skype n.d). This therefore saves time as managers can engage in other productive activities instead of attending boardroom meetings. Despite the fact that Skype faces threats concerning internet vulnerabilities, it remains a safe mode of communication through the internet. It uses credible digital certificates and proper encryption, which guarantees communication safety of its users (Sheppard 2006, p. 33). Moreover, Skype allows users to customize their settings that determine their privacy. This feature allows one to filter his callers at any given time. It therefore means that Skype can be used among managers or a given group of employees (Blue Coat Systems 2007). Future expectations It is true that technology exits in a continuous and evolutionary state. This means that several changes are expected with regard to the use of Skype in voice communication. These changes are likely to address its pitfalls including, internet security threats and connectivity. In addition, more companies are likely to adopt this method, especially after existing challenges are minimized. By 2020, Skype will probably be different especially after Microsoft’s acquisition. Windows 7 phones may incorporate more of this technology (Brodkin 2012). Report evaluation This report is quite significant in addressing issues surrounding the use of Skype as a method of communication at workplace. Its findings are based on current trends and events in various workplaces around the world. The findings of this report are important to businessmen who use Skype or those planning to adopt this method of communication. Conclusion and recommendations The use of Skype in the workplace remains a debatable issue around the world. With millions of people registering, there is concern over its challenges and benefits in organizations, institutions and other workplaces (Joisten 2007). Despite the fact that it has a host of advantages, Skype equally presents an array of challenges. It is paramount for interested organizations to weigh the two sides of this technology before adopting it as a method of communication. References Abdulezer, L, Abdulezer, S Dammond, H 2007, Skype for Dummies, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Advantages of Skype n.d., http://www.ehow.com/list_5939079_advantages-skype.html. Blue Coat Systems 2007, Best Practices for Controlling Skype within the Enterprise, www.bluecoat.com/doc/644. Brodkin, J 2012, Skype†™s future under Microsoft: integration everywhere, http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2011/10/skypes-future-under-microsoft-integration-everywhere.ars. ‘Conferencing Device Brings Skype to Living Rooms’ 2012, PC World, vol. 30 no. 3, pp. 48. Evers, J 2007, Skype to partner for security in the workplace, http://news.cnet.com/Skype-to-partner-for-security-in-the-workplace/2100-7355_3-6155228.html. Fitchard, K Reedy, S 2010, ‘Operators Embrace Skype, But At Arm’s Length’, Connected Planet, pp. 16-19. Glauser, W 2011, ‘The Skype solution’, CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 183 no. 12, pp. 798. Gurlà ©, D 2011, An Exciting Keynote for Skype at Enterprise Connect and News with Citrix, http://blogs.skype.com/enterprise/2011/03/an_exciting_keynote_for_skype.html. Harwood, M, Goncalves, M Pemble, M 2010, Security Strategies in Web Applications and Social Networking, Jones Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts. Jahankhani, H, Watson, D Me, G 2010, Handbook of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, Singapore. Johnson, S 2006, ‘Skype and Hype’, Discover, vol. 27 no. 5, pp. 25-27. Joisten, M 2007, Renegotiating Interaction Routines: Adoption of Skype in the Workplace, http://mc.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/konferenzbaende/mc2007/konferenzband/mc2007_41_joisten.pdf. Kreibich, C Jahnke, M 2010, Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 7th International Conference, DIMVA 2010, Bonn, Germany, July 8-9, 2010, Proceedings, Springer, New York, NY. McIlwain, A 2011, The Advantages of Skype in Business Communications, http://financialsocialmedia.com/facebook/the-advantages-of-skype-in-business-communications/. Poupard, V 2009, Reasons Why Companies Should Cancel the Use of Skype in the Workplace, http://voices.yahoo.com/reasons-why-companies-cancel-2913926.html. Rosen, J 2009, ‘To Skype or Not to Skype?’, Publishers Weekly, vol. 256 no. 50, pp. 22-23. Saporito, B 2011, ‘Skype’, Time, vol. 177 no. 21, pp. 21. Schieltz, M 2011, Disadvantages of Using Skype, http://www.ehow.com/list_5907068_disadvantages-using-skype.html. Sheppard, A 2006, Skype hacks, O’Reilly Media, Inc., California. Skype 2012, http://www.skype.com/intl/en/home. Stadler, J 2009, An Investigation Into Skype Technologies S.A., GRIN Verlag, Munich. Vaughan-Nichols, S 2011, How Skype does, and doesn’t, work, http://www.zdnet.com/blog/networking/how-skype-does-and-doesnt-work/1051. Winzenburg, S 2012, ‘How Skype Is Changing the Interview Process’, Chronicle Of Higher Education, vol. 58 no. 18, pp. 9-10. Woodall, M 2011, The New Living Workplace, http://blogs.skype.com/enterprise/2011/04/the_new_living_workplace.html. This report on Using Skype in the Work Place was written and submitted by user Bryant B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Delinquent Law essays

Delinquent Law essays The Original law of the Illinois juvenile court defined a delinquent as: a child under the age of sixteen years who has violated any laws of the state, or any city or village ordinance. Under the common law, children between the ages of 7 and 16 years of could be dealt with as delinquent. Today in 37 states and in the District of Columbia, juvenile courts are initially responsible for all violations committed by youth under the age of 18. In ten states the age limit is 17 and in three states the jurisdictional age is 16, which means that anyone at these ages or above will face criminal prosecution. Dependency, neglect, and violation of educational laws have been included in most jurisdictions of the juvenile courts. Juvenile delinquency from a legal state combines the characteristics of social protection and restriction. Juvenile delinquency may be a reflection of ethical defects in the families pattern of living. The parent themselves may be contributing to the delinquency of their offsprings by the example of their own social misconduct. The broken home defined as one in which one or both parents are absent because of death, desertion, separation, divorce, or a commitment to an institution, have contributed to juvenile delinquency. Other factors that may contribute to the high rate of juvenile delinquency is excessive poverty, dependency, overcrowding and other poor home conditions, and the lack of parental control or attention. Why do youths join gangs? This Question has many answers, and it all depends upon many factors that are Affecting the youths life. For some youths there isnt a choice, they are born into the activities of gangs because of their parents. Others that dont have a choice are the ones who are forced in or recruited very strongly. Younger kids about the age of 10 or 11 are chased down by older, bigger and tougher gang members and beat up. They are made to keep a watch out for the police at a parti...

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Quotes

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Quotes The Boy in the Striped Pajamas follows the lives (and friendship) of two young boysacross the Holocaust fence at the Auschwitz Camp. One boy is the son of a high-ranking SS officer, while the other is the son of a Polish Jew. Here are quotes from the novel. Quotes We dont have the luxury of thinking ... Some people make all the decisions for us.One day he was perfectly content, playing at home, sliding down banisters, trying to stand on his tiptoes to see right across Berlin, and now he was stuck here in this cold, nasty house with three whispering maids and a waiter who was both unhappy and angry, where no one looked as if they could ever be cheerful again.So were here at Out-With because someone said out with the people before us?We should never have let the Fury come to dinner.He suddenly became convinced that if he didnt do something sensible, something to put his mind to some use, then before he knew it he would be wondering round the streets having fights with himself and inviting domestic animals to social occasions too.The thing about exploring is that you have to know whether the thing youve found is worth finding. Some things are just sitting there, minding their own business, waiting to be discovered. Like America. And other things are probably better off left alone. Like a dead mouse at the back of the cupboard. You wear the right outfit and you feel like the person youre pretending to be, she always told me.Bruno opened his eyes in wonder at the things he saw. In his imagination he had thought that all the huts were full of happy families, some of whom sat outside on rocking chairs in the evening and told stories about how things were so much better when they were children and theyd had respect for their elders, not like the children nowadays. He thought that all the boys and girls who lived there would be in different groups, playing tennis or football, skipping and drawing out squares for hopscotch on the ground... As it turned out, all the things he thought might be there - werent.Despite the chaos that followed, Bruno found that he was still holding Shmuels hand in his own and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go.A few months after that some other soldiers came to Out-With and Father was ordered to go with them, and he went without complaint and he was happy to do so because he didnt really mind what they did to him anymore. Resources Interview with Childrens Author John BoynePodcasts Downloads

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Buddhism - Essay Example cess, went into a long period of contemplative meditation, received enlightenment and from thence came to be called The Buddha or the enlightened one. He passed on the knowledge to his followers through teachings based on four major tenets. The Buddha taught the four noble truths as i) the world is full of sorrow ii) desires are the main reason for sorrow iii) sorrow can be overcome by killing desires and iv) desires can be killed by following the eight-fold righteous path (Rahula, p.45). In this way the Buddha taught us the means to overcome sorrow, lead blissful life and ultimately attain Nirvana. The principle of righteous living differentiated Buddhism from the other major contemporary religions in the Indian subcontinent viz., Hinduism and Jainism, and impresses me as the most important of the Buddha teachings. The concept of middle path or magga taught by the Buddha as the most appropriate path to overcome sorrows has relevance for everyone and all times. It negates the other two extreme paths (of seeking worldly pleasures or practicing penance) since both have failed to eliminate sorrow from life on the one hand and can not stand the test of scrutiny as the solution for humanity’s problems (Rahula, p.92). The Buddha taught us to follow the middle path by practicing the eight-fold righteous living viz., right understanding (belief), right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness (recollection), and right concentration (meditation). As Rahula mentions in his book, ‘†¦they are all linked together and should be practiced simultaneously according to a person’s capacity’ (p.46). Together they constitute the essence of ethical and moral conduct. The context for conduct arises out of one’s day-to-day life and the never ending hankering after desires. Continuity of life or existence is termed as Samsara in the Buddhist tradition (pp. 48 & 60) and Samsaracakra as the cycle of life, death and rebirth,

Topshop Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Topshop Case Study - Essay Example trendy, moderately-priced apparel (Biesada, n d) that has grown remarkably from humble beginnings to 300 stores in the UK and over 100 in international territories. The brand gained its iconic status in 1994 when it took over a 90,000 square feet space at London Oxford Circus where it remains to date (â€Å"About Us - Topshop,† 2011). The London Oxford Circus shop alone attracts over 200,000 shoppers per week and as such has earned Topshop the accolade to be considered as the world’s largest fashion store on the high street. Topshop’s phenomenal success can be traced back to 1985 when Jane Shepherdson, then the director of Topshop, decided to take the company in a new direction. Jane put up a team of 16 stylists and made them travel the world in search of new fashion ideas. This team moved from trendy neighborhoods, to catwalks to flea markets in places as diverse as Tokyo, Paris and New York looking for fashion trends to interpret (Coco, n d). Using the un ique ideas they had encountered Jane’s team of stylists revolutionalized Topshop into a fashionable and trendy boutique. Since 2000, Topshop’s covetable collections have been made available over the Internet through www.topshop.com, which draws tens of thousands of anxious shoppers. Topshop is owned by Arcadia Group, UK’s largest privately-owned clothing retailer. The Arcadia Group owns six other high street best-known fashion brands namely: Topman, Dorothy Perkins, Burton, Evans, Wallis and Miss Selfridge. Cumulatively Arcadia Group has more than 2,500 outlets (â€Å"About Us,† n d). Topshop is their flagship brand. All the same, as the global economy is recovering from the recession, the fashion industry is experiencing intense rivalry. Sir Philip Green, the owner of Arcadia Group, believes that the fashion houses likely to emerge stronger from this current environment would be the ones who are focused on having good store environments, fresh products and ‘newness’, at low prices. Sir Green says, â€Å"It’s not going to be just about price, it’s going to be about ‘price and nice’† (Hawkes, 2008). Does Topshop’s retail strategy encompass â€Å"price and nice†? Industry at a glance The fashion industry has dramatically evolved over the past few decades. Fashion products that used to be luxury items are now considered as basic commodity products and are bought by almost all segments of the society (Mazaira, Gonzalez, & Avendano, 2003). Some of the factors that may contribute to this growing demand for fashion products are the continuous low prices brought about by an increasing number of target markets and transfer of manufacturing sites to developing countries especially in Asia. With an increasing number of players in the industry, the rivalry is intense. Topshop’s main competitors are Zara, H&M and French Connection (Biesada, n d). The fashion industry is also characterized by consumers with a strong buying

Faculty Attendance System Using Automatic Image Processing Essay Example for Free

Faculty Attendance System Using Automatic Image Processing Essay As technology grows fast, certain advancements are being developed nowadays and life is getting even better to live with. It makes every task as easy as possible and nothing seems too tiring if human tasks are aided with technology. It can be applied in any aspects of life. Computer technology would be the first on the list that provides great potential for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the information system. The use of computer has not become a major tool to simplify job and task. There is no doubt that computer technology has had a great impact on society and also brought many technical developments with it. It has brought many changes to the way we live as individual as well as members of societies and organizations. It has had major effects and changes on the economy, health, education, industry, agriculture and many other fields. The ability of computers in gathering, processing, presenting and sending large amount of information has had major changes in the way large organizations as well individuals organize their lives. Computers are at work, in schools and many other places. The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people’s identity. Using human face as a key to security, the biometrics face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years due to its potential for a wide variety of applications in both law enforcement and non-law enforcement. As compared with other biometrics systems using fingerprint/palm print and iris, face recognition has distinct advantages because of its non-contact process. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person being identified, and the identification does not require interacting with the person. In recent years, face recognition has attracted much attention and its research has rapidly expanded by not only engineers but also neuroscientists, since it has many potential applications in computer vision communication and automatic access control system. Especially, face detection is an important part of face recognition as the first step of automatic face recognition. However, face detection is not straightforward because it has lots of variations of image appearance, such as pose variation (front, non-front), cclusion, image orientation, illuminating condition and facial expression. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, facial biometric recognition technology has become more sophisticated and perfect. As the worlds most cutting-edge biometric technology and image processing technology, facial biometric recognition technology will play a unique and irreplaceable role in todays public security prevent, arrest fugitives, network security, financial security and many other areas. It is a milestone of development and progress of human society science and technology. It will be widely used in public security, aviation, ports, customs, banks, large enterprises, large-scale conferences, high-end clubs, important streets, docks and other places of security. It will bring revolutionary changes for safety defend and prevention of the current complicated domestic security situation. Face recognition serves the crime deterrent purpose because face images that have been recorded and archived can later help identify a person. Many citizens express concern that their privacy is being compromised by the use of surveillance technologies by corporations and the state. Some fear that it could lead to a total surveillance society, with the government and other authorities having the ability to know the whereabouts and activities of all citizens around the clock. This knowledge has, is and could continue to be deployed to prevent the lawful exercise of rights of citizens to criticize those in office, specific government policies or corporate practices. Many centralized power structures with such surveillance capabilities have abused their privileged access to maintain control of the political and economic apparatus and curtail populist reforms. Facial recognition can be used not just to identify an individual, but also to unearth other personal data associated with an individual – such as other photos featuring the individual, blog posts, social networking profiles, Internet behavior, travel patterns, etc. – all through facial features alone. Moreover, individuals have limited ability to avoid or thwart facial recognition tracking unless they hide their faces. This fundamentally changes the dynamic of day-to-day privacy by enabling any marketer, government agency, or random stranger to secretly collect the identities and associated personal information of any individual captured by the facial recognition system. Purpose and Description Nowadays, industry is experiencing many technological advancement and changes in methods of learning. With the rise of globalization, it is becoming essential to find an easier and more effective system to help an organization or company. In spite of this matter, there are still business establishments and schools that use the old-fashioned way. In a certain way, one thing that is still in manual process is the recording of attendance. Face detection is a computer technology that determines the locations and sizes of human faces in arbitrary (digital) images. It detects facial features and ignores anything else, such as buildings, trees and bodies. Dealing with this matter, the proponents thought of an easy way to do the checking of attendance. This study entitled is intended to develop an attendance monitoring system to be used inside the school vicinity of Batangas State University JPLPC Campus for better management of employees. We come up with a computerized attendance-monitoring system using image processing. It serves as a timed log-in/ log-out system that is set up as a computerized database. This system maintains a daily record of a facultys arrival and departure time from work. Aside from the records of time and date, our system features the name, position and the assigned number of each staff. So it also serves as an identification profile system. The system also protects the employees by providing the exact number of hours they worked, making it much more difficult for employers to cheat them out of their wages. This thesis features all important facts about our system as well as its importance.

The Structure of a Financial Crisis Essay -- Economics Economy Finance

The Structure of a Financial Crisis INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The year 2001 had been unlucky for Turkey. Apart from the crisis in 1994 and November 2000, the country had to face another financial crisis, causing problems in the management of its economy. Why does a country delve deep into financial crisis? What are the possible immediate triggers for both the current and potential new crises? What precautions should be taken for the key issues like the fragility of the financial and banking system, belated reforms and privatisation, rampant corruption, exchange rate policy? And how can the governments satisfy the markets and people to undertake these reforms? The current crisis has not hit the country overnight. This article figures out the weakness of the system, years of neglect and mismanagement, possible solutions for other developing countries. One has to bear in my mind that even evaluating the aftermath of the 1994 crisis, Turkey was a rising star, with aspirations towards full membership to the European Union. Among the potential applicants of EU membership, - mostly the Transition Economies of Eastern Europe- Turkey was the mere applicant with a functioning Customs Union with the EU back in 1995. With a relatively large and dynamic market, having high hopes for rapid economic and social progress, Turkey seemed a valuable candidate for the European Integration. Now after the 2000 November and 2001 February crises, the shrinking of the economy suggests that Turkey can only catch up with the figures of year 2000, as far as the year 2004, let alone the EU membership and further growth. To indicate why such a failure has been suffered, we have to go back to the roots of mismanagement. And that begins with the problems of Privatisation practices. THE INITIATION OF PRIVATISATION Privatisation has proved to be a successful method for improving institutions and maintaining corporate efficiency all around the world. But under certain conditions either privatised firms can get into serious difficulties or delaying the privatisation programs could trigger economic crises, together with the impact caused by years of mismanagement, not undertaking the progressive reforms and corruption - as experienced in some of the transition economies of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Far East, and as is the case in this article, in Turkey THE FIRST ... ...90, January 2000, William Davidson Institute. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feldstein, Martin "Refocusing the IMF," Foreign Affairs, March/April 1998, pp. 20-33. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harris- White, Barbara and White, Gordon (eds.), ''Liberalization and the New Corruption,'' IDS Bulletin, Vol. 27 No: 2 , 1996 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nas, F. Tevfik and Odekon, Mehmet (eds.) '' Liberalization and the Turkish Economy'' 1988, Greenwood Publishing Group. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rittenberg, Libby, (ed.) ''The Political Economy of Turkey in the Post-Soviet Era: Going West and Looking East?'' 1998 Praeger Publishing †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaker, Sallama State, Society and Privatisation in Turkey, 1979-1990 (Woodrow Wilson Center Special Studies)1995 Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Togan, Subidey, Balasubramanyam, V.N. (Eds.) ''The Economy of Turkey Since Liberalization,'' 1996 Palgrave Publishing. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ucer, E. Murat " Monetary Policy Practice in Turkey: From the 1994 Crisis to the Present." October 1999, mimeo, Credit Suisse First Boston, Emerging Markets Economic Research †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vishwanath, T. and Kaufmann, D. "Toward Transparency: New Approaches and their Application to Financial Markets", The World Bank Research Observer, Volume 16, No.1, Spring 2001.

Music At Highlander Essay

Music is a powerful tool of expression. Whether produced or listened to, it can reveal deep aspects of ones personality. Song’s can hold unique personal meanings through memory or message. During time’s of desperation, music’s constant rhythm can provide a fortress of comfort and steadiness. Music is depended upon for security, care, inspiration, and as a safe haven to be able to express freely. The Highlander Folk School is depended upon for the same reasons. These two schools of thought not only share similar relationship’s with people, but they are practiced together frequently. â€Å"Song, music and food are integral parts of education at Highlander. Music is one way for people to express their traditions, longings, and determination† (158). Myles Horton seemed certainly aware of the importance music had at Highlander, but never expressed it further than this quote from near the end of his autobiography, The Long Haul. How big of a role did music play in the Highlander education? Producing a safer environment, a more enriched education, and the ability to unleash potential, music was essential in the Highlander education. Music is nonjudgmental. There is no right or wrong, it just is what it is. People take away from music whatever they want. Myles Horton set up Highlander to work in the same way. He offered a community that practiced social equality, no discrimination or lack of freedom of speech. He offered workshops on what the people wanted to work on, and then left it to them to take away and use what they want. This was the organic structure of education Horton preached. He also focused on the surroundings needed to support this education. â€Å"The job of the staff members is to create a relaxed atmosphere in which the participants feel free to share their experiences† (150). Without an environment where people felt safe and comfortable in, this system would stay only a theory. Music kept this structure stable. Group songs created a platform for different cultures to bond and understand each other. It created comfort, security, and an environment full of love. Myles describes Highlander as, â€Å"A long tapestry with a weft made up of many colors†¦All of them are of a piece and blend in, and all are based on a love for humanity and trust in the ability of people to control their own lives enventually† (134). Myles Horton believed in experiential-based education. He endorsed student to student discussions. The learning happens between sharing stories and experiences from each other. He tried mixing as many cultures, ideas, and perspectives together to provide an enriched collection of experiences. â€Å"Another enrichment was the use of music and storytelling†¦In fact, the history of Highlander could in many important ways be told by the music – traditional songs and songs of struggle – that was brought there by the people† (133). Music at Highlander connected to people through messages, memories and traditions which provided student’s with enriched experiences to grow from. Some songs brought hidden truths to light, others inspired groups to come together. Church hymns were adapted and used as union songs (158). Every song brought with it some sense of tradition or culture to learn from. Before Highlander was established, Horton went to Denmark to get inspired by their folk high schools. He recalls an old director telling him that, â€Å"Through songs and poetry, students could grasp truths that might otherwise escape them, and that singing in unison was an effective way of inspiring people and bringing them closer together† (52). Music was a integral part of the Highlander education because it created student union and providing more enriched experiences to learn from. Music nurtures self-esteem and encourages creativity, self-confidence, and curiosity. Horton tries to nurture and encourage the same from students at Highlander. Myles viewed himself as a gardener and his job â€Å"to provide opportunities for people to grow, to provide a climate which nurtures islands of decency, where people can learn in such a way that they continue to grow† (133). Music helped provide this caring climate by installing tradition and comfort. Singing in unison provided an opportunity for students to grow by encouraging self-confidence and self-esteem. Group singing also help solidify a Highlander fundamental belief; trust people and believe in their ability to think for themselves. Empower people collectively, not individually. Bernice Robinson and Myles Horton learned early on in the first Citizenship School classes that, â€Å"You couldn’t just read and write yourself into freedom. You had to fight for that and you had to do it as part of a group, not as an individual† (104). Music lets students demonstrate the beauty and power of collective unison without actually leaving Highlander and protesting. This experience was invaluable in naturing and growing students. Myles Horton reveals near the end of his book, â€Å"Other than encouraging others, I made no significant contributions to music at the school, unless you count the verse I added to â€Å"We Shall Overcome† – â€Å"The truth shall make us free† (158). This statement shows his compassion for justice and his awareness of the importance of music at Highlander. Horton’s wife, Zilphia, is described by him as, â€Å"The moving spirit in shaping the singing and music program at Highlander (158). Many pictures in the book display Zilphia leading striker’s in song or Folk concerts at Highlander by Pete Seeger & Friends (156,157,159). Horton seemed to be surrounded by music through out his life and the education structure at Highlander is influenced by this. Music played a vital role at Highlander by providing an enriched environment nurturing students to ‘learn in such a way that they continue to grow’.

Public Education Financing Essay

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to provide a study on how public educational financing is done in the US.   Its current status, what are the common sources of funds that the US government is getting in order to provide an effective support for the students and their families.   It will also provide readers as to how really educational assistance can be applied in the US setting.   Introduction    How many time did we heard about the news about poverty, unemployment and even problem regarding security in the country or in the world or issues in the business which are over emphasized nowadays.   Actually all of these are inter-elated to the problem of education.   In most political studies, it was said that education is one of the main barometer of a country’s progress, which is definitely true.   You can name some emerging markets and highly prioritized education countries that put their economic growth on a higher level. Like for instance, India and Korea, their main success was actually not about the many investment they have started or the ever friendly relationship that the country have prioritized over the years just to invite foreign investment in the country.   But, what these countries did, as how Japan did decades in the past, is to enrich their educational system.   An educational system that is being the main priority and everything follows.   Just like in Korea, specifically South Korea, what the government done, is to send all their top scholar abroad with government financing their studies, like in best universities in Europe and in the US, what they have studied and patiently done by also their own way as well like tremendous research and knowledge on the latest trend either in technology, business and management.   These altogether has come up into something what Korea has been so proud of, and the is inventing and producing their own world class products, from the simple gadgets, like cell phones, appliances, like TV and even up to ergonomically designed cars, which are now greatly accepted in the global market. For India, it is more on targeting what they can have as strength, the effective way of the government fully supporting their own people by not allowing most of the top notch University Graduate to easily earn their degree without any post certification has been a standard across most of its known University.   Take for instance in IT where most graduates are required to take certification programs has made their graduates highly competitive against their neighboring countries, not only that their labor cost is also not that high, since the cost of living in the country is also well controlled by the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For both of this countries is all brought out by effective and efficient prioritization done by the government and to really focus on improving their educational system as well as controlling foreign interference and always look at the local standard of life, like in India which helps their graduates to be competitive since the cost of living is not that raising too much.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In education, there are two main category, private educational system and public.   For the latter which is the main focus of this research has been always challenge on how it can deliver effective and well allocated financial support for its people.   Actually, this paper’s main objective is to provide a presentation as well as critical analysis on the current public school of the US, most especially in the financing side.   And from the findings, provide at least some meaningful suggestion as to how it can improve the process, in order to greatly improve the service it gives for the people, most especially the deserving families in the US. Finance Program in the US   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, Public education financing continued to be a very hard task to do.   This is for the reason that there are so many states in the country and each of the state has a different needs, factors that affects the better management of its finance system includes, cultural aspect, like as it is common, US has been a country of many nationalities and it has been common fact and this becomes a true big attention to look at since different culture m9ight have different needs, secondly, there are also issues in the current status of each state, like in terms of its domestic product, other state has a better economic performance and this can easily help in the implementation of public school financing for that certain state, but however for others that are purely depending on financial aid which may come from private or public sources are always a challenge to evaluate and probably improves the local process in order to achieve better financial system for that state.   In other words, even the government have establishes a country wide policies, there are still times which is mostly, that these policies need to be change a little in order to address the exact needs of the state.   (Public School Finance Program of the United States and Canada, n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is true that the US government has provided a lot of attention in supporting families to overcome the ever increasing cost of education.   Just like in most European countries where there tax automatically works in their educational system.   In the US it does not actually works exactly like that, what happen is that for the public educational system, it provides these sources usually through Federal Government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The very basic requirement are the following, first, there is a financial need, where the income of the family have shown that the incapacity to send their children in school is relatively present.   Second, is that there is an education requirement, meaning the child has shown great interest in pursuing education, and lastly, is to apply and comply for legal requirements.   There are also different types of student Aid that the student might apply, depending upon on the appropriateness of the need, which the public educational agency can help in attaining the request, (1) Grants, (2) Work Study and (3) Loans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grants, is the support that provide by the US government for deserving students which families does not really have the capacity to send their children to school.   The family will just present to the agency the required documents that show that their income is not enough to send their children to school.   For the second type, Work Study is allowing students to work part-time in order for them to finance their studies.    This is one of the common and applied system that the government gives to young adults that is not only teaching them how to live their life in a mature way but also finding it more importance I their study as well, since they work to study and the every dollar that they earn is shown to be very important for them.   Lastly, for Loans, these are borrowed amount of money by the student that needs to be repaid.   This is also allowed or be given to families that shown no capacity to let their children to go to school.   The local federal agencies are also helping these students to be approved in this application.   This can also be done in terms or depending on the agreed payment scheme.   (The Guide to federal Student Aid 2007-2008, n.d). Revenue sources for State Funds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following figures and table have shown that most of the source of revenue that supports the public education in the US, comes from the state resources, where it also a true showing that the country’s income were also come from the state as well.   Then it followed by the income from the local property taxes, then other sources of earnings from the state and lastly is from the federal sources, which is expected to be low because it does not actually expect much earning from them.   (See Figure 1 and 2). NOTE:  Current expenditures include instruction, instruction-related, support services, and other elementary/secondary current expenditures, but exclude expenditures on capital outlay, other programs, and interest on long-term debt. SOURCE:  U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), â€Å"National Public Education Financial Survey (NPEFS),† fiscal year 2005, Version 1a. Figure 1 Current per-pupil expenditures for public elementary and secondary education in the United States:  Ã‚  Fiscal year 2005 NOTE:  Classification is based on the unrounded amount. SOURCE:  U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), â€Å"National Public Education Financial Survey (NPEFS),† fiscal year 2005, Version 1a. Figure 2 Federal revenues as a percentage of total revenues for public elementary and secondary education in the United States:  Ã‚  Fiscal year 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It only shows that the government can be guided by these graphs as to how they can prioritize each state.   In this graph it shows that most states in the rural or country side are the ones that need to be focus more, where the importance of support through financial aid are need to be look into, since one of the obvious reason is the capacity of family to send their children to school are always a question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just to provide a   better look at the entire figures in terms of table just to have a better look at the need of each regions, and how much they need it, this is the presentation in table format.   (Graphs in Education Finance, n.d.). (See Table 1). Region and revenue source 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Northeast                                                    Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0                            Federal 4.6 4.6 5.1 5.4 5.3 4.7 5.0 4.9 State 40.2 40.5 39.5 38.8 38.4 39.0 38.7 38.6 Local property taxes 48.7 48.8 49.2 49.8 50.3 50.0 49.8 49.9 Other local sources 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.6                            Midwest                                                    Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0                            Federal 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.7 State 39.6 39.4 37.9 38.5 39.0 45.8 46.7 46.8 Local property taxes 45.0 44.8 46.1 46.6 46.0 39.1 38.6 38.1 Other local sources 10.1 10.3 10.1 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.0 9.3                            South                                                    Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0                            Federal 7.3 7.3 7.8 8.4 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.8 State 49.1 49.5 48.5 48.0 48.0 48.1 49.0 48.9 Local property taxes 27.1 27.3 28.3 21.7 27.6 27.7 27.7 27.9 Other local sources 16.5 15.9 15.5 22.0 15.9 16.2 15.7 15.5                            West                                                    Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0                            Federal 6.8 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.5 8.1 7.7 State 60.6 60.4 60.7 59.0 55.7 54.9 56.3 58.4 Local property taxes 23.8 23.8 23.8 25.5 28.1 28.2 26.8 25.3 Other local sources 8.8 8.8 8.2 7.9 8.0 8.4 8.8 8.6 See notes at end of table. TABLE 1 Percentage distribution of total revenue for public elementary and secondary education in the United States, by region and revenue source: 1989–90 to 2002–05 Public School Revenue Changes in its Main Sources of Revenues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very common as well that many changes in the public school revenue happen.   This can either brought out by economic changes through implementation of new policies or it can really come from the result of earnings from both the national and local level.   Since it is not only education is the priority of the US government and it needs to strike the balance between other priorities, like labor related requirements, infrastructure and other business and economic requirements which are also vital in the development or progress of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just to show the exact school year spending per region in the US starting from 1990 to 2004, which would already gives the trend that the country might be using.   (See Figure 3). Figure 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this result the Midwest has experienced decrease because local funding has dropped by 55% percent of all revenue for public elementary and secondary education in 1989–90 to 44 percent in 2003–04. Declines in the proportion of property tax revenue accounted for most of this decrease. For the Northeast it also experienced a drop in the proportion of revenue from local sources. In both regions, there were increases in the proportion of total revenue from federal and state sources. While in year ’03 and ‘04, as in earlier years, the Northeast has depended on a greater degree on property tax revenues than the other regions. The difference in the reliance on property tax revenues between the Northeast and the Midwest was greater in year 2003 and 2004 than in 89 and 90.   (Changes in Sources of Public School Revenue, n.d.). The Impact of Energy Crisis has given Problem to US Public School Spending   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It as during the start of 1990, where US have experienced problems in well allocating funds for public schools and this continues to provide some big problems in the country.   It is only with the help of some private institution and agencies that lift the government obligations in addressing some of these issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many times the Federal Aid, through its loan, grants and work study benefits have given an extra assistance for the many students in the US.   And this has shown by the closed cooperation between the government and private firms, which makes everything possible.   Wit the continuous problem that are happening in the global economy, the immediate reaction of US government in controlling the cause by providing an extra effort of polishing the local and even sometimes if needed national policies also has provided big help in helping the public school financial assistance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The finding directly comes from examining the direct impact of energy increase on the US public school system and the results where:   On the average, school districts spent $137 per pupil on energy expenditures in fiscal year 00. For fiscal year 01, they budgeted an 11 percent increase, raising their budgets to $152 per pupil. However, actual fiscal years 01 per pupil energy expenditures, at $166 per pupil, were 22 percent higher than in fiscal year 00. The average district experienced a 9 percent shortfall between what it had budgeted for fiscal year 01 and its actual expenditures. The average school district budgeted $176 per pupil for fiscal year 02 energy needs, or a 6 percent increase over what it actually spent in fiscal year 01. This $24 per pupil increase over fiscal year 01 budgeted costs translated into an increase of about $1 billion in expected costs. But, as it was stated earlier there were a lot of efforts made by both the local and national government in addressing the issue, which has provided a good lift for the US public school financing agencies.   And all of this effort is by improving by the facilities, which has given the needed help and assistance.   Like, 39 percent locked in rates with one or more energy vendors, 29 percent participated in consortia that negotiated prices with third-party energy vendors, 12 percent instituted or increased fees to use facilities, and 7 percent closed schools or sent students home early for at least 1 day. In the following fiscal year, it was continued 47 percent of the nation’s districts renovated or retrofitted existing facilities, 44 percent locked in rates, 33 percent participated in consortia, 15 percent instituted or increased fees to use facilities, and 6 percent closed schools or sent students home early for at least 1 day. With this result the government has effectively and efficiently counter act the problem.   (Effects of Energy Needs and Expenditures on U.S. Public Schools, n.d.). Estimation Standards Helps Improve Public School Expenditure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The US government has also conducted great effort by allowing every state to formulate their own spending estimation, which gives better result since the local government has more accurate data and analysis over their need.   It was the standards are estimated using frontier regression techniques which adjust for the differential levels of efficiency of resource usage across different school districts.   This standard has help a lot for better and almost accurate estimation for the public school spending in each district or state.   (Dopuch, Nicholas & Gupta, Mahendra, n.d.). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this report it shows how United States has provided its best effort in addressing the issue of public school financing.   This shows that with the help of its earnings that comes from the state as well as other revenues that it generates; it helps public schools in its financial needs.   It also shows that the government has provided its best effort in providing every adjustment to help the agencies in addressing the issue, like in this case the government has effectively improve the energy renovation of most public schools.   But most importantly the importance of Federal Aid, which provides a wide variety of assistance to students who are in need of financial aid, such as grants, work study and loans, which have shown big support for public schools in particular. References    â€Å"Changes in Sources of Public School Revenue.† Education Finance Statistics Center – Institute of Education, US Department of Education. N.d Dopuch, Nicholas & Gupta, Mahendra. (n.d.). â€Å"An Estimation of Standards for Public School Expenditures.† Social Science Research Center.   â€Å"Effects of Energy Needs and Expenditures on U.S. Public Schools.† Education Finance â€Å"Graphs in Education Finance.† Education Finance Statistics Center – National Centre for Educational Statistics – Institute of Education, US Department of Education. â€Å"Public School Finance Act of 1994.† Colorado Department of Education. â€Å"Public School Finance Program of the United States and Canada: 1998-1999.† Education Finance Statistics Center – Institute of Education, US Department of Education. N.d, [Online] Available at: http://nces.ed.gov/edfin/state_finance/StateFinancing.asp â€Å"Revenue Source.† Oregon School Board Association.     Richard, Aronson & Schwartz, Eli. (2004), â€Å"Management Policies in Local Government Finance.† USA: ICMA Publishing â€Å"The Guide to Federal Student Aid 2007-08.† US Department of Education – Federal Student Aid. N.d, [Online] Available at: Thompson, David. (2007). â€Å"United States: Public School Finance.† Accounting and Consultancy. 7 February 2007

Protists essays

Protists essays Protists are plant-like, animallike, or fungi-like organisms with one or more cells (single or multicelluar organisms). Asexual reproduction is common. It occurs by mitosis or binary fission in most species. Sexual reproduction is less common and has not been seen in many protists. Protists get food and energy one of two ways. They get their food (energy) either by using photosynthesis (called Autotrophic) or eating other protists or bacteria (called Heterotrophic). Protists are always found in damp or wet areas. They are found almost everywhere that has water. Some protists are attached to rocks and others drift on the surface of the water. The ones that float freely are called plankton. Some live in body fluids, tissues or cells of hosts. Phytoplankton are the bottom of the food chain in most fresh and sea water. Throughout the world they are responsible for 50% of organic matter. There are 3 types of protists: algae, protozoa, and slime molds. Most algae make their food using photosynthesis, which uses chlorophyll and sunlight like plants. Slime molds are something like fungi and something like animals. There are three types of slime molds, but only one is a protist. The kind that is a protest is called cellular slime mold. The word protozoa come from the Greek for little animal. They sometimes live and form colonies. Protozoa get their food by hunting other microbes. They mainly eat bacteria, but some also eat other protozoa and bits of tissue from other living things, which is called organic matter and sometimes fungi. Asexual reproduction for protozoa includes binary fission and mitosis. Some reproduce sexually during a time of their life cycle. Most protists can move. They are called Motile if the can move. There are 3 different ways protists can move: with cilia, which are hair like structures; with flagellates, which are whip like structures; and using amoeboid motion, which ...

Resources for Teaching Tolerance and Anti-Racism

Resources for Teaching Tolerance and Anti-Racism    People are not born racist. As former U.S. President Barack Obama, quoting Nelson Mandela, former president of South Africa, tweeted shortly after the tragic events in Charlottesville August 12, 2017 in which the university town was overtaken by white supremacists and hate groups, resulting in the killing  of a counter protester, Heather Heyer,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin or his background or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.† Very young children do not naturally choose friends based on the color of their skin. In a  video created by the BBC children’s network CBeebies, Everyones Welcome,  pairs of children explain the differences between themselves without referring to the color of their skin or ethnicity, even though those differences exist. As Nick Arnold writes in What Adults Can Learn About Discrimination From Kids, according to Sally Palmer, Ph.D., lecturer in the Department of Human Psychology and Human Development at University College London, it is not that they dont notice the color of their skin, it is that the color of their skin is not what is important to them. Racism is Learned Racism is learned behavior. A 2012 study by Harvard University researchers showed that children as young as three years of age  can adopt racist behavior when exposed to it, even though they may not understand â€Å"why.†Ã‚  According to renowned social psychologist Mazarin Banaji, Ph.D., children are quick to pick up on racist and prejudicial cues from adults and their environment. When  white children were shown faces of different skin colors with ambiguous facial expressions, they showed a pro-white bias. This was determined by the fact that they ascribed a happy face to a perceived white skin color and an angry face to a face that they perceived to be black or brown. In the study, black children who were tested showed no color-bias. Banaji maintains that racial bias can be unlearned, though, when children are in situations where they are exposed to diversity and they witness and are part of positive interactions between different groups of people acting as equals.   Racism is learned by the example of one’s parents, caregivers, and other influential adults, through personal experience, and through the systems of our society that promulgate it, both explicitly  and implicitly. These implicit biases permeate not only our individual decisions but also our societal structure. The New York Times has created a series of informative videos explaining implicit biases.   There are Different Types of Racism According to social science, there are seven main forms of racism: representational, ideological, discursive, interactional, institutional, structural, and systemic. Racism can be defined in other ways as well - reverse racism, subtle racism, internalized racism, colorism. In 1968, the day after Martin Luther King was shot, the anti-racism expert and former third-grade teacher,  Jane Elliott, devised a now-famous but then-controversial experiment for her all-white third-grade class in Iowa to teach the children about racism, in which she separated them by eye color into blue and brown, and showed extreme favoritism toward the group with blue eyes. She has conducted this experiment repeatedly for different groups since then, including the audience for an Oprah Winfrey show in 1992, known as  The Anti-Racism Experiment That Transformed an Oprah Show. People in the audience were separated by eye color; those with blue eyes were discriminated against while those with brown eyes were treated favorably.  The reactions of the audience were illuminating,  showing  how quickly some people came to identify with their eye color group  and behave prejudicially,  and what it felt like to be the ones who were being treated unfairly.   Microaggressions are another expression of racism. As explained in Racial Microagressions in Everyday Life, Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. An example of microaggression falls under assumption of criminal status and includes someone crossing to the other side of the street to avoid a person of color. This list of microagressions serves as a tool to  recognize them and the messages they send.   Unlearning Racism Racism in the extreme is manifested by groups such as the KKK and other white supremacist groups. Christoper Picciolini is the founder of the group Life After Hate.  Picciolini is a former member of a hate group, as are all the members of Life After Hate. On Face the Nation  in  Aug. 2017, Picciolini said that the people who are radicalized and join hate groups are not motivated by ideology but rather a search for identity, community, and purpose. He stated that if theres a brokenness underneath that person they tend to search for those in really negative pathways. As this group proves, even extreme racism can be unlearned, and the mission of this organization is to help counter violent extremism and to help those participating in hate groups  find pathways out of them. Congressman  John Lewis,  a prominent Civil Rights leader, said, The scars and stains of racism are still deeply embedded in the American society. But as experience shows us, and leaders  remind us, what people learn, they can also unlearn, including racism. While racial progress is real, so is racism. The need for anti-racist education is also real.   Following are some anti-racism resources that may be of interest to educators, parents, caregivers, church groups, and  individuals for use in schools, churches, businesses, organizations, and for  self-assessment and awareness. Anti-Racism Curricula, Organizations,  and Projects The Race Card Project  :  The Race Card Project was created in 2010 by NPR Journalist Michele Norris to foster a conversation about race. In order to promote an exchange of ideas and perceptions from people of different backgrounds, races, and ethnicities  Norris asks people to distill their thoughts, experiences, and observations  about race into one sentence that only has six words and submit them to the Race Card wall. In 2014, The Race Card Project was awarded a prestigious George Foster  Peabody Award for excellence in electronic communications for turning a pejorative phrase into a productive and far-reaching dialogue on a difficult topic.RACE: Are We so Different?:  This website is a project of the American Anthropological Association and is funded by the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation. It looks at race through three different lenses: history, human variation, and lived experience. It offers activities for students and resources for families, t eachers, and researchers. It is based on a traveling exhibit by the same name. Educating for Equity:   Educating for Equity is  the website and consulting business of Ali Michael, Ph.D., who is the co-founder and director of The Race Institute for K-12 Educators  and the author of several books having to do with race, including  Raising Race Questions: Whiteness, Inquiry, and Education (Teachers College Press, 2015), which won the 2017 Society of Professors of Education Outstanding Book Award. The Race Institute for K-12 Educators is a workshop for educators to help them develop a positive racial identity so that they can support the positive racial identity development of their students.  A comprehensive list of  Anti-Racism Resources for Teachers  is included on this website.   The Storytelling Project Curriculum:  Learning About Race and Racism Through Storytelling and the Arts  (this  Columbia University form  enables free use of the curriculum and requests feedback to the creators):  The Storytelling Project Curriculum, created th rough Barnard College, analyzes race and racism in the United States through storytelling and the arts. Using four different story types - stock stories (those told by the dominant group); concealed stories (told by people in the margins); resistance stories (told by people who have resisted racism); counter stories (deliberately constructed to challenge the stock stories) - to make the information more accessible to students, to connect the political and the personal, and to inspire change. For middle and high school students. Anti-Racism Activity: ‘The  Sneetches’  :  Through Teaching Tolerance, this curriculum for grades K-5 uses Dr. Seusss book,  The Sneetches as a springboard for discussion about discrimination and how students can  take responsibility for their environment.  What are Microaggressions and Why Should We Care?:  A course developed by the Unitarian Universalist Association on learning to recognize and deal with microaggressions in daily life.    Resources and Further Reading How Teachers Learn to Discuss Racism, The Atlantic,  https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/01/how-teachers-learn-to-discuss-racism/512474/  Can Science Help People Unlearn Their Unconscious Biases?, Smithsonian Magazine,  smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/can-science-help-people-unlearn-their-unconscious-biases-180955789/Can You Unlearn Racism By Re-training Your Brain?, Bustle,  https://www.bustle.com/articles/184790-can-you-unlearn-racism-by-re-training-your-brainHow Do We Unlearn Racism? Complex Life,  complex.com/life/2016/11/how-do-we-unlearn-racism5 key anti-racism resources for teachers, courtesy of #CharlottesvilleCurriculum , Chalkbeat,  https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2017/08/14/5-key-anti-racism-resources-for-teachers-courtesy-of-charlottesvillecurriculum/Racism in America: It’s so pervasive that white people pay less for car insurance, Salon,  salon.com/2017/04/07/racism-in-america-its-so-pervasive-that-white-people-pay-less-for-car-in surance_partner/ Racial Progress Is Real. But So Is Racist Progress., New York Times,  https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/opinion/sunday/racial-progress-is-real-but-so-is-racist-progress.html?mcubz0White Anti-Racism: Living the Legacy,  Teaching Tolerance,  https://www.tolerance.org/professional-development/white-antiracism-living-the-legacy